![]() By using democratic theories such as participatory, deliberative, revolutionary, and radical pluralism, he argues that a “network of equivalence” can come together and challenge the hegemonic power of neoliberalism. His central objection of liberal democracy relates to his rejection of neoliberals’ assertions that democracy and capitalism go hand in hand, arguing the contrary that democracy urges to maximize power of the people, while capitalism requires to curb that power (pp.40). In chapters 2 and 3, Purcell strongly advocates resisting neoliberal claims to democracy and their definition of it. Purcell presents the idea that neoliberalization is looking for means to legitimize and reduce the inequality it promotes. And finally, disciplining is an indirect assistance to capital. The aidez-faire comprises a direct assistance to the capital. Welfare retrenchment programs are considered uncompetitive. The laissez-faire idea minimizes the regulation of economic activity. Additionally, Purcell outlines the main features under which neoliberalization works. In contrast, he opposes neoliberalism with the Keynesian economic policy regime where the state played a strong role controlling and regulating society and markets, and promoting and redistributing wealth. Purcell points out that neoliberalism is not an economic policy but an on going ideology. Therefore, market logic and competitive discipline should be promoted and the state should get out of the way. ![]() It proposes that open and competitive markets produce most efficient allocation of resources, innovation and economic growth. As a result, ad hoc and special purpose entities have been proliferating.įor Purcell, neoliberalization is a reassertion of an old neoclassical economic argument under which society functions best within market logic compared to any other. In addition to up and down scaling, there has been a trend of outsourcing state functions. As mentioned earlier, under glocalization, the functions and powers of the state have been transferred to other scales, supra or subnational. Geographical competitive clusters are needed in the global economy. This particular phenomenon has been named as ‘glocalization.’ Purcell emphasizes that some of its characteristics are the internationalization of economic production and finance, and the tendency for economic coordination at a local and regional level. Supra and subnational scales are replacing its function and interacting freely. For him, in today’s global economy the notion of nation-state is no longer valid. ![]() In Chapter 1, ‘The Terror of Neoliberalization,’ Purcell describes the main characteristics of neoliberalization and its relationship with ideas of globalization, nation-state, and devolution. He argues that through democratic attitudes and the pursuit of radical democratization we can resist the pervasive neoliberal agenda. According to him, dynamic cities are becoming increasingly unequal, segregated, unhealthy and oppressive under neoliberalism. Purcell’s ‘Recapturing Democracy’ presents the idea that the global economy and cities have been “neoliberalized” and therefore social life has become increasingly subjected to free markets, competitive relations, and minimal state regulation of capital. ![]()
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